What is socialism? Does it have a future, or has it become an outdated ideology in the 21st century? This Very Short Introduction considers the major theories in socialism, and explores its historical evolution from the French Revolution to the present day. Michael Newman argues that socialism has always been a diverse doctrine, while nevertheless containing a central core of interconnected values and goals: a critique of capitalism; an optimistic view of human beings; and the belief that it is possible to establish societies based on egalitarianism, social solidarity, and co-operation. In this new edition, he draws on case studies such as Cuba, Sweden, and Bolivia, to consider attempts to implement socialism in practice, before discussing New Left challenges to conventional notions of socialism on such questions as feminism, climate change, and direct action. Rejecting the widespread view that socialism is an out-dated doctrine, Newman argues that it remains ultimately...

From Cuban communism and Swedish social democracy to the New Left, Michael Newman explains socialism-the social, economic, and philosophical juggernaut of the past century. Taking an international perspective, Newman examines standard socialist conventions and evolution from 19th-century industrial towns, while also defining modern socialism. He includes recent conceptualizations such as the feminist and Green movements, and uses this plethora of information to forecast socialism's trajectory into the future.